Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 6E [Volume 1]

Cover
Oxford Textbook of Medicine
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Section editors
Contents
List of abbreviations
List of contributors
Section 1: Patients and their treatment
	Chapter 1.1: On being a patient
	Chapter 1.2: A young person’s experience of chronic disease
	Chapter 1.3: What patients wish you understood
	Chapter 1.4: Why do patients attend and what do they want from the consultation?
	Chapter 1.5: Medical ethics
	Chapter 1.6: Clinical decision-making
Section 2: Background to medicine
	Chapter 2.1: Science in medicine: When, how, and what
	Chapter 2.2: Evolution: Medicine’s most basic science
	Chapter 2.3: The Global Burden of Disease: Measuring the health of populations
	Chapter 2.4: Large-scale randomized evidence: Trials and meta-analyses of trials
	Chapter 2.5: Bioinformatics
	Chapter 2.6: Principles of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy
	Chapter 2.7: Biological therapies for immune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases
	Chapter 2.8: Traditional medicine exemplified by traditional Chinese medicine
	Chapter 2.9: Engaging patients in therapeutic development
	Chapter 2.10: Medicine quality, physicians, and patients
	Chapter 2.11: Preventive medicine
	Chapter 2.12: Medical screening
	Chapter 2.13: Health promotion
	Chapter 2.14: Deprivation and health
	Chapter 2.15: How much should rich countries’ governments spend on healthcare?
	Chapter 2.16: Financing healthcare in low-income developing countries: A challenge for equity in health
	Chapter 2.17: Research in the developed world
	Chapter 2.18: Fostering medical and health research in resource-constrained countries
	Chapter 2.19: Regulation versus innovation in medicine
	Chapter 2.20: Human disasters
	Chapter 2.21: Humanitarian medicine
	Chapter 2.22: Complementary and alternative medicine
Section 3: Cell biology
	Chapter 3.1: The cell
	Chapter 3.2: The genomic basis of medicine
	Chapter 3.3: Cytokines
	Chapter 3.4: Ion channels and disease
	Chapter 3.5: Intracellular signalling
	Chapter 3.6: Apoptosis in health and disease
	Chapter 3.7: Stem cells and regenerative medicine
	Chapter 3.8: The evolution of therapeutic antibodies
	Chapter 3.9: Circulating DNA for molecular diagnostics
Section 4: Immunological mechanisms
	Chapter 4.1: The innate immune system
	Chapter 4.2: The complement system
	Chapter 4.3: Adaptive immunity
	Chapter 4.4: Immunodeficiency
	Chapter 4.5: Allergy
	Chapter 4.6: Autoimmunity
	Chapter 4.7: Principles of transplantation immunology
Section 5: Principles of clinical oncology
	Chapter 5.1: Epidemiology of cancer
	Chapter 5.2: The nature and development of cancer: Cancer mutations and their implications
	Chapter 5.3: The genetics of inherited cancers
	Chapter 5.4: Cancer immunity and immunotherapy
	Chapter 5.5: Clinical features and management
	Chapter 5.6: Systemic treatment and radiotherapy
	Chapter 5.7: Medical management of breast cancer
Section 6: Old age medicine
	Chapter 6.1: Ageing and clinical medicine
	Chapter 6.2: Frailty and sarcopenia
	Chapter 6.3: Optimizing well-being into old age
	Chapter 6.4: Older people and urgent care
	Chapter 6.5: Older people in hospital
	Chapter 6.6: Supporting older peoples’ care in surgical and oncological services
	Chapter 6.7: Drugs and prescribing in the older patient
	Chapter 6.8: Falls, faints, and fragility fractures
	Chapter 6.9: Bladder and bowels
	Chapter 6.10: Neurodegenerative disorders in older people
	Chapter 6.11: Promotion of dignity in the life and death of older patients
Section 7: Pain and palliative care
	Chapter 7.1: Introduction to palliative care
	Chapter 7.2: Pain management
	Chapter 7.3: Symptoms other than pain
	Chapter 7.4: Care of the dying person
Section 8: Infectious diseases
	Chapter 8.1: Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
		8.1.1 Biology of pathogenic microorganisms
		8.1.2 Clinical features and general management of patients with severe infections
	Chapter 8.2: The patient with suspected infection
		8.2.1 Clinical approach
		8.2.2 Fever of unknown origin
		8.2.3 Nosocomial infections
		8.2.4 Infection in the immunocompromised host
		8.2.5 Antimicrobial chemotherapy
	Chapter 8.3: Immunization
	Chapter 8.4: Travel and expedition medicine
	Chapter 8.5: Viruses
		8.5.1 Respiratory tract viruses
		8.5.2 Herpesviruses (excluding Epstein–Barr virus)
		8.5.3 Epstein–Barr virus
		8.5.4 Poxviruses
		8.5.5 Mumps: Epidemic parotitis
		8.5.6 Measles
		8.5.7 Nipah and Hendra virus encephalitides
		8.5.8 Enterovirus infections
		8.5.9 Virus infections causing diarrhoea and vomiting
		8.5.10 Rhabdoviruses: Rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses
		8.5.11 Colorado tick fever and other arthropod- borne reoviruses
		8.5.12 Alphaviruses
		8.5.13 Rubella
		8.5.14 Flaviviruses excluding dengue
		8.5.15 Dengue
		8.5.16 Bunyaviridae
		8.5.17 Arenaviruses
		8.5.18 Filoviruses
		8.5.19 Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses
		8.5.20 Parvovirus B19
		8.5.21 Hepatitis viruses (excluding hepatitis C virus)
		8.5.22 Hepatitis C virus
		8.5.23 HIV/AIDS
		8.5.24 HIV in low- and middle-income countries
		8.5.25 HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and associated diseases
		8.5.26 Viruses and cancer
		8.5.27 Orf and Milker’s nodule
		8.5.28 Molluscum contagiosum
		8.5.29 Newly discovered viruses
	Chapter 8.6: Bacteria
		8.6.1 Diphtheria
		8.6.2 Streptococci and enterococci
		8.6.3 Pneumococcal infections
		8.6.4 Staphylococci
		8.6.5 Meningococcal infections
		8.6.6 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
		8.6.7 Enterobacteria and bacterial food poisoning
		8.6.8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
		8.6.9 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
		8.6.10 Intracellular klebsiella infections (donovanosis and rhinoscleroma)
		8.6.11 Anaerobic bacteria
		8.6.12 Cholera
		8.6.13 Haemophilus influenzae
		8.6.14 Haemophilus ducreyi and chancroid
		8.6.15 Bordetella infection
		8.6.16 Melioidosis and glanders
		8.6.17 Plague: Yersinia pestis
		8.6.18 Other Yersinia infections: Yersiniosis
		8.6.19 Pasteurella
		8.6.20 Francisella tularensis infection
		8.6.21 Anthrax
		8.6.22 Brucellosis
		8.6.23 Tetanus
		8.6.24 Clostridium difficile
		8.6.25 Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial gastrointestinal infections
		8.6.26 Tuberculosis
		8.6.27 Disease caused by environmental mycobacteria
		8.6.28 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)
		8.6.29 Buruli ulcer: Mycobacterium ulcerans infection
		8.6.30 Actinomycoses
		8.6.31 Nocardiosis
		8.6.32 Rat bite fevers (Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus infection)
		8.6.33 Lyme borreliosis
		8.6.34 Relapsing fevers
		8.6.35 Leptospirosis
		8.6.36 Nonvenereal endemic treponematoses: Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta
		8.6.37 Syphilis
		8.6.38 Listeriosis
		8.6.39 Legionellosis and Legionnaires’ disease
		8.6.40 Rickettsioses
		8.6.41 Scrub typhus
		8.6.42 Coxiella burnetii infections (Q fever)
		8.6.43 Bartonellas excluding B. bacilliformis
		8.6.44 Bartonella bacilliformis infection
		8.6.45 Chlamydial infections
		8.6.46 Mycoplasmas
		8.6.47 A checklist of bacteria associated with infection in humans
	Chapter 8.7: Fungi (mycoses)
		8.7.1 Fungal infections
		8.7.2 Cryptococcosis
		8.7.3 Coccidioidomycosis
		8.7.4 Paracoccidioidomycosis
		8.7.5 Pneumocystis jirovecii
		8.7.6 Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei infection
		8.7.7 Microsporidiosis
	Chapter 8.8: Protozoa
		8.8.1 Amoebic infections
		8.8.2 Malaria
		8.8.3 Babesiosis
		8.8.4 Toxoplasmosis
		8.8.5 Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis
		8.8.6 Cyclospora and cyclosporiasis
		8.8.7 Cystoisosporiasis
		8.8.9 Giardiasis and balantidiasis
		8.8.8 Sarcocystosis (sarcosporidiosis)
		8.8.10 Blastocystis infection
		8.8.11 Human African trypanosomiasis
		8.8.12 Chagas disease
		8.8.13 Leishmaniasis
		8.8.14 Trichomoniasis
	Chapter 8.9: Nematodes (roundworms)
		8.9.1 Cutaneous filariasis
		8.9.2 Lymphatic filariasis
		8.9.3 Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)
		8.9.4 Strongyloidiasis, hookworm, and other gut strongyloid nematodes
		8.9.5 Gut and tissue nematode infections acquired by ingestion
		8.9.6 Angiostrongyliasis
	Chapter 8.10: Cestodes (tapeworms)
		8.10.1 Cestodes (tapeworms)
		8.10.2 Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus)
		8.10.3 Cysticercosis
	Chapter 8.11: Trematodes (flukes)
		8.11.1 Schistosomiasis
		8.11.2 Liver fluke infections
		8.11.3 Lung flukes (paragonimiasis)
		8.11.4 Intestinal trematode infections
	Chapter 8.12: Nonvenomous arthropods
	Chapter 8.13: Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/ linguatuliasis, or tongue worm infection)
Section 9: Sexually transmitted diseases
	Chapter 9.1: Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections
	Chapter 9.2: Sexual behaviour
	Chapter 9.3: Sexual history and examination
	Chapter 9.4: Vaginal discharge
	Chapter 9.5: Urethritis
	Chapter 9.6: Genital ulceration
	Chapter 9.7: Anogenital lumps and bumps
	Chapter 9.8: Pelvic inflammatory disease
	Chapter 9.9: Principles of contraception
Section 10: Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
	10.1 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning — Introduction
	10.2 Occupational health
		10.2.1 Occupational and environmental health
		10.2.2 Occupational safety
		10.2.3 Aviation medicine
		10.2.4 Diving medicine
		10.2.5 Noise
		10.2.6 Vibration
	10.3 Environment and health
		10.3.1 Air pollution and health
		10.3.2 Heat
		10.3.3 Cold
		10.3.4 Drowning
		10.3.5 Lightning and electrical injuries
		10.3.6 Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes
		10.3.7 Radiation
		10.3.8 Disasters: Earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions
		10.3.9 Bioterrorism
	10.4 Poisoning
		10.4.1 Poisoning by drugs and chemicals
		10.4.2 Injuries, envenoming, poisoning, and allergic reactions caused by animals
		10.4.3 Poisonous fungi
		10.4.4 Poisonous plants
	10.5 Podoconiosis (nonfilarial elephantiasis)
Section 11: Nutrition
	11.1 Nutrition: Macronutrient metabolism
	11.2 Vitamins
	11.3 Minerals and trace elements
	11.4 Severe malnutrition
	11.5 Diseases of affluent societies and the need for dietary change
	11.6 Obesity
	11.7 Artificial nutrition support
Section 12: Metabolic disorders
	12.1 The inborn errors of metabolism: General aspects
	12.2 Protein- dependent inborn errors of metabolism
	12.3 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
		12.3.1 Glycogen storage diseases
		12.3.2 Inborn errors of fructose metabolism
		12.3.3 Disorders of galactose, pentose, and pyruvate metabolism
	12.4 Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism
	12.5 The porphyrias
	12.6 Lipid disorders
	12.7 Trace metal disorders
		12.7.1 Hereditary haemochromatosis
		12.7.2 Inherited diseases of copper metabolism: Wilson’s disease and Menkes’ disease
	12.8 Lysosomal disease
	12.9 Disorders of peroxisomal metabolism in adults
	12.10 Hereditary disorders of oxalate metabolism: The primary hyperoxalurias
	12.11 A physiological approach to acid–base disorders: The roles of ion transport and body fluid compartments
	12.12 The acute phase response, hereditary periodic fever syndromes, and amyloidosis
		12.12.1 The acute phase response and C-reactive protein
		12.12.2 Hereditary periodic fever syndromes
		12.12.3 Amyloidosis
	12.13 a1-Antitrypsin deficiency and the serpinopathies
Section 13: Endocrine disorders
	13.1 Principles of hormone action
	13.2 Pituitary disorders
		13.2.1 Disorders of the anterior pituitary gland
		13.2.2 Disorders of the posterior pituitary gland
	13.3 Thyroid disorders
		13.3.1 The thyroid gland and disorders of thyroid function
		13.3.2 Thyroid cancer
	13.4 Parathyroid disorders and diseases altering calcium metabolism
	13.5 Adrenal disorders
		13.5.1 Disorders of the adrenal cortex
		13.5.2 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
	13.6 Reproductive disorders
		13.6.1 Ovarian disorders
		13.6.2 Disorders of male reproduction and male hypogonadism
		13.6.3 Benign breast disease
		13.6.4 Sexual dysfunction
	13.7 Disorders of growth and development
		13.7.1 Normal growth and its disorders
		13.7.2 Normal puberty and its disorders
		13.7.3 Normal and abnormal sexual differentiation
	13.8 Pancreatic endocrine disorders and multiple endocrine neoplasia
	13.9 Diabetes and hypoglycaemia
		13.9.1 Diabetes
		13.9.2 Hypoglycaemia
	13.10 Hormonal manifestations of nonendocrine disease
	13.11 The pineal gland and melatonin
Section 14: Medical disorders in pregnancy
	14.1 Physiological changes of normal pregnancy
	14.2 Nutrition in pregnancy
	14.3 Medical management of normal pregnancy
	14.4 Hypertension in pregnancy
	14.5 Renal disease in pregnancy
	14.6 Heart disease in pregnancy
	14.7 Thrombosis in pregnancy
	14.8 Chest diseases in pregnancy
	14.9 Liver and gastrointestinal diseases of pregnancy
	14.10 Diabetes in pregnancy
	14.11 Endocrine disease in pregnancy
	14.12 Neurological conditions in pregnancy
	14.13 The skin in pregnancy
	14.14 Autoimmune rheumatic disorders and vasculitis in pregnancy
	14.15 Maternal infection in pregnancy
	14.16 Fetal effects of maternal infection
	14.17 Blood disorders in pregnancy
	14.18 Malignant disease in pregnancy
	14.19 Maternal critical care
	14.20 Prescribing in pregnancy
	14.21 Contraception for women with medical diseases
Section 15: Gastroenterological disorders
	15.1 Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract
	15.2 Symptoms of gastrointestinal disease
	15.3 Methods for investigation of gastroenterological disease
		15.3.1 Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy
		15.3.2 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
		15.3.3 Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract
		15.3.4 Investigation of gastrointestinal function
	15.4 Common acute abdominal presentations
		15.4.1 The acute abdomen
		15.4.2 Gastrointestinal bleeding
	15.5 Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
	15.6 The mouth and salivary glands
	15.7 Diseases of the oesophagus
	15.8 Peptic ulcer disease
	15.9 Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract
		15.9.1 Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract
		15.9.2 Carcinoid syndrome
	15.10 Malabsorption
		15.10.1 Differential diagnosis and investigation of malabsorption
		15.10.2 Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine
		15.10.3 Coeliac disease
		15.10.4 Gastrointestinal lymphomas
		15.10.5 Disaccharidase deficiency
		15.10.6 Whipple’s disease
		15.10.7 Effects of massive bowel resection
		15.10.8 Malabsorption syndromes in the tropics
	15.11 Crohn’s disease
	15.12 Ulcerative colitis
	15.13 Irritable bowel syndrome
	15.14 Colonic diverticular disease
	15.15 Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract
	15.16 Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract
	15.17 Vascular disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
	15.18 Gastrointestinal infections
	15.19 Miscellaneous disorders of the bowel
	15.20 Structure and function of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas
	15.21 Pathobiology of chronic liver disease
	15.22 Presentations and management of liver disease
		15.22.1 Investigation and management of jaundice
		15.22.2 Cirrhosis and ascites
		15.22.3 Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding
		15.22.4 Hepatic encephalopathy
		15.22.5 Liver failure
		15.22.6 Liver transplantation
	15.23 Hepatitis and autoimmune liver disease
		15.23.1 Hepatitis A to E
		15.23.2 Autoimmune hepatitis
		15.23.3 Primary biliary cholangitis
		15.23.4 Primary sclerosing cholangitis
	15.24 Other liver diseases
		15.24.1 Alcoholic liver disease
		15.24.2 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
		15.24.3 Drug-induced liver disease
		15.24.4 Vascular disorders of the liver
		15.24.5 The liver in systemic disease
		15.24.6 Primary and secondary liver tumours
		15.24.7 Liver and biliary diseases in infancy and childhood
	15.25 Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree
	15.26 Diseases of the pancreas
		15.26.1 Acute pancreatitis
		15.26.2 Chronic pancreatitis
		15.26.3 Tumours of the pancreas
Section 16: Cardiovascular disorders
	Chapter 16.1: Structure and function
		16.1.1 Blood vessels and the endothelium
		16.1.2 Cardiac physiology
	Chapter 16.2: Clinical presentation of heart disease
		16.2.1 Chest pain, breathlessness, and fatigue
		16.2.2 Syncope and palpitation
	Chapter 16.3: Clinical investigation of cardiac disorders
		16.3.1 Electrocardiography
		16.3.2 Echocardiography
		16.3.3 Cardiac investigations: Nuclear, MRI, and CT
		16.3.4 Cardiac catheterization and angiography
	Chapter 16.4: Cardiac arrhythmias
	Chapter 16.5: Cardiac failure
		16.5.1 Epidemiology and general pathophysiological classification of heart failure
		16.5.2 Acute cardiac failure: Definitions, investigation, management
		16.5.3 Chronic heart failure: Definitions, investigation, and management
		16.5.4 Cardiorenal syndrome
		16.5.5 Cardiac transplantation and mechanical circulatory support
	Chapter 16.6: Valvular heart disease
	Chapter 16.7: Diseases of heart muscle
		16.7.1 Myocarditis
		16.7.2 The cardiomyopathies: Hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive, and right ventricular
		16.7.3 Specifific heart muscle disorders
	Chapter 16.8: Pericardial disease
	Chapter 16.9: Cardiac involvement in infectious disease
		16.9.1 Acute rheumatic fever
		16.9.2 Endocarditis
		16.9.3 Cardiac disease in HIV infection
		16.9.4 Cardiovascular syphilis
	Chapter 16.10: Tumours of the heart
	Chapter 16.11: Cardiac involvement in genetic disease
	Chapter 16.12: Congenital heart disease in the adult
	Chapter 16.13: Coronary heart disease
		16.13.1 Biology and pathology of atherosclerosis
		16.13.2 Coronary heart disease: Epidemiology and prevention
		16.13.3 Management of stable angina
		16.13.4 Management of acute coronary syndrome
		16.13.5 Percutaneous interventional cardiac procedures
		16.13.6 Coronary artery bypass and valve surgery
	Chapter 16.14: Diseases of the arteries
		16.14.1 Acute aortic syndromes
		16.14.2 Peripheral arterial disease
		16.14.3 Cholesterol embolism
	Chapter 16.15: The pulmonary circulation
		16.15.1 Structure and function of the pulmonary circulation
		16.15.2 Pulmonary hypertension
	Chapter 16.16: Venous thromboembolism
		16.16.1 Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
		16.16.2 Therapeutic anticoagulation
	Chapter 16.17: Hypertension
		16.17.1 Essential hypertension: Definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology
		16.17.2 Essential hypertension: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
		16.17.3 Secondary hypertension
		16.17.4 Mendelian disorders causing hypertension
		16.17.5 Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies
	Chapter 16.18: Chronic peripheral oedema and lymphoedema
	Chapter 16.19: Idiopathic oedema of women
Section 17: Critical care medicine
	Chapter 17.1: The seriously ill or deteriorating patient
	Chapter 17.2: Cardiac arrest
	Chapter 17.3: Anaphylaxis
	Chapter 17.4: Assessing and preparing patients with medical conditions for major surgery
	Chapter 17.5: Acute respiratory failure
	Chapter 17.6: Circulation and circulatory support in the critically ill
	Chapter 17.7: Management of raised intracranial pressure
	Chapter 17.8: Sedation and analgesia in the ICU
	Chapter 17.9: Metabolic and endocrine changes in acute and chronic critical illness
	Chapter 17.10: Palliative and end-of-life care in the ICU
	Chapter 17.11: Diagnosis of death and organ donation
	Chapter 17.12: Persistent problems and recovery after critical illness
Section 18: Respiratory disorders
	Chapter 18.1: Structure and function
		18.1.1 The upper respiratory tract
		18.1.2 Airways and alveoli
	Chapter 18.2: The clinical presentation of respiratory disease
	Chapter 18.3: Clinical investigation of respiratory disorders
		18.3.1 Respiratory function tests
		18.3.2 Thoracic imaging
		18.3.3 Bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, and tissue biopsy
	Chapter 18.4: Respiratory infection
		18.4.1 Upper respiratory tract infections
		18.4.2 Pneumonia in the normal host
		18.4.3 Nosocomial pneumonia
		18.4.4 Mycobacteria
		18.4.5 Pulmonary complications of HIV infection 4031 Julia Choy and Anton Pozniak
	Chapter 18.5: The upper respiratory tract
		18.5.1 Upper airway obstruction
		18.5.2 Sleep-related breathing disorders
	Chapter 18.6: Allergic rhinitis
	Chapter 18.7: Asthma
	Chapter 18.8: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
	Chapter 18.9: Bronchiectasis
	Chapter 18.10: Cystic fibrosis
	Chapter 18.11: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
		18.11.1 Diffuse parenchymal lung disease: An introduction
		18.11.2 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
		18.11.3 Bronchiolitis obliterans and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
		18.11.4 The lung in autoimmune rheumatic disorders
		18.11.5 The lung in vasculitis
	Chapter 18.12: Sarcoidosis
	Chapter 18.13: Pneumoconioses
	Chapter 18.14: Miscellaneous conditions
		18.14.1 Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage
		18.14.2 Eosinophilic pneumonia
		18.14.3 Lymphocytic infiltrations of the lung
		18.14.4 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
		18.14.5 Pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis
		18.14.6 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
		18.14.7 Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
		18.14.9 Lipoid (lipid) pneumonia
		18.14.10 Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
		18.14.11 Toxic gases and aerosols
		18.14.12 Radiation pneumonitis
		18.14.13 Drug- induced lung disease
	Chapter 18.15: Chronic respiratory failure
	Chapter 18.16: Lung transplantation
	Chapter 18.17: Pleural diseases
	Chapter 18.18: Disorders of the thoracic cage and diaphragm
	Chapter 18.19: Malignant diseases
		18.19.1 Lung cancer
		18.19.2 Pulmonary metastases
		18.19.3 Pleural tumours
		18.19.4 Mediastinal tumours and cysts
Section 19: Rheumatological disorders
	Chapter 19.1: Joints and connective tissue — structure and function
	Chapter 19.2: Clinical presentation and diagnosis of rheumatological disorders
	Chapter 19.3: Clinical investigation
	Chapter 19.4: Back pain and regional disorders
	Chapter 19.5: Rheumatoid arthritis
	Chapter 19.6: Spondyloarthritis and related conditions
	Chapter 19.7: Infection and arthritis
	Chapter 19.8: Reactive arthritis
	Chapter 19.9: Osteoarthritis
	Chapter 19.10: Crystal-related arthropathies
	Chapter 19.11: Autoimmune rheumatic disorders and vasculitides
		19.11.1 Introduction
		19.11.2 Systemic lupus erythematosus and related disorders
		19.11.3 Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
		19.11.4 Sjögren’s syndrome
		19.11.5 Inflammatory myopathies
		19.11.6 Large vessel vasculitis
		19.11.7 ANCA-associated vasculitis
		19.11.8 Polyarteritis nodosa
		19.11.9 Small vessel vasculitis
		19.11.10 Behçet’s syndrome
		19.11.11 Polymyalgia rheumatica
		19.11.12 Kawasaki disease
	Chapter 19.12: Miscellaneous conditions presenting to rheumatologist
Section 20: Disorders of the skeleton
	Chapter 20.1: Skeletal disorders — general approach and conditions
	Chapter 20.2: Inherited defects of connective tissue: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Marfan’s syndrome, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum
	Chapter 20.3: Osteomyelitis
	Chapter 20.4: Osteoporosis
	Chapter 20.5: Osteonecrosis, osteochondrosis, and osteochondritis dissecans
	Chapter 20.6: Bone cancer
Section 21: Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
	Chapter 21.1: Structure and function of the kidney
	Chapter 21.2: Electrolyte disorders
		21.2.1 Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis
		21.2.2 Disorders of potassium homeostasis
	Chapter 21.3: Clinical presentation of renal disease
	Chapter 21.4: Clinical investigation of renal disease
	Chapter 21.5: Acute kidney injury
	Chapter 21.6: Chronic kidney disease
	Chapter 21.7: Renal replacement therapy
		21.7.1 Haemodialysis
		21.7.2 Peritoneal dialysis
		21.7.3 Renal transplantation
	Chapter 21.8: Glomerular diseases
		21.8.1 Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and IgA vasculitis (HSP)
		21.8.2 Thin membrane nephropathy
		21.8.3 Minimal-change nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
		21.8.4 Membranous nephropathy
		21.8.5 Proliferative glomerulonephritis
		21.8.6 Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
		21.8.7 Antiglomerular basement membrane disease
	Chapter 21.9: Tubulointerstitial diseases
		21.9.1 Acute interstitial nephritis
		21.9.2 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
	Chapter 21.10: The kidney in systemic disease
		21.10.1 Diabetes mellitus and the kidney
		21.10.2 The kidney in systemic vasculitis
		21.10.3 The kidney in rheumatological disorders
		21.10.4 The kidney in sarcoidosis
		21.10.5 Renal involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias, immunoglobulin-based amyloidoses, and fibrillary glomerulopathies, lymphomas, and leukaemias
		21.10.6 Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
		21.10.7 Sickle cell disease and the kidney
		21.10.8 Infection-associated nephropathies
		21.10.9 Malignancy-associated renal disease
		21.10.10 Atherosclerotic renovascular disease
	Chapter 21.11: Renal diseases in the tropics
	Chapter 21.12: Renal involvement in genetic disease
	Chapter 21.13: Urinary tract infection
	Chapter 21.14: Disorders of renal calcium handling, urinary stones, and nephrocalcinosis
	Chapter 21.15: The renal tubular acidoses
	Chapter 21.16: Disorders of tubular electrolyte handling
	Chapter 21.17: Urinary tract obstruction
	Chapter 21.18: Malignant diseases of the urinary tract
	Chapter 21.19: Drugs and the kidney
Section 22: Haematological disorders
	Chapter 22.1: Introduction to haematology
	Chapter 22.2: Haematopoiesis
		22.2.1 Cellular and molecular basis of haematopoiesis
		22.2.2 Diagnostic techniques in the assessment of haematological malignancies
	Chapter 22.3: Myeloid disease
		22.3.1 Granulocytes in health and disease
		22.3.2 Myelodysplastic syndromes
		22.3.3 Acute myeloid leukaemia
		22.3.4 Chronic myeloid leukaemia
		22.3.5 The polycythaemias
		22.3.6 Thrombocytosis and essential thrombocythaemia
		22.3.7 Primary myelofibrosis
		22.3.8 Eosinophilia
		22.3.9 Histiocytosis
	Chapter 22.4: Lymphoid disease
		22.4.1 Introduction to lymphopoiesis
		22.4.2 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
		22.4.3 Hodgkin lymphoma
		22.4.4 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
		22.4.5 Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
		22.4.6 Plasma cell myeloma and related monoclonal gammopathies
	Chapter 22.5: Bone marrow failure
		22.5.1 Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes
		22.5.2 Acquired aplastic anaemia and pure red cell aplasia
		22.5.3 Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
	Chapter 22.6: Erythroid disorders
		22.6.1 Erythropoiesis
		22.6.2 Anaemia: pathophysiology, classification, and clinical features
		22.6.3 Anaemia as a challenge to world health
		22.6.4 Iron metabolism and its disorders
		22.6.5 Anaemia of inflammation
		22.6.6 Megaloblastic anaemia and miscellaneous deficiency anaemias
		22.6.7 Disorders of the synthesis or function of haemoglobin
		22.6.8 Anaemias resulting from defective maturation of red cells
		22.6.9 Disorders of the red cell membrane
		22.6.10 Erythrocyte enzymopathies
		22.6.11 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
		22.6.12 Acquired haemolytic anaemia
	Chapter 22.7: Haemostasis
		22.7.1 The biology of haemostasis and thrombosis
		22.7.2 Evaluation of the patient with a bleeding tendency
		22.7.3 Thrombocytopenia and disorders of platelet function
		22.7.4 Genetic disorders of coagulation
		22.7.5 Acquired coagulation disorders
	Chapter 22.8: Transfusion and transplantation
		22.8.1 Blood transfusion
		22.8.2 Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Section 23: Disorders of the skin
	Chapter 23.1: Structure and function of skin
	Chapter 23.2: Clinical approach to the diagnosis of skin disease
	Chapter 23.3: Inherited skin disease
	Chapter 23.4: Autoimmune bullous diseases
	Chapter 23.5: Papulosquamous disease
	Chapter 23.6: Dermatitis/eczema
	Chapter 23.7: Cutaneous vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, and urticaria
	Chapter 23.8: Disorders of pigmentation
	Chapter 23.9: Photosensitivity
	Chapter 23.10: Infections of the skin
	Chapter 23.11: Sebaceous and sweat gland disorders
	Chapter 23.12: Blood and lymphatic vessel disorders
	Chapter 23.13: Hair and nail disorders
	Chapter 23.14: Tumours of the skin
	Chapter 23.15: Skin and systemic diseases
	Chapter 23.16: Cutaneous reactions to drugs
	Chapter 23.17: Management of skin disease
Section 24: Neurological disorders
	Chapter 24.1: Introduction and approach to the patient with neurological disease
	Chapter 24.2: Mind and brain: Building bridges between neurology, psychiatry, and psychology
	Chapter 24.3: Clinical investigation of neurological disease
		24.3.1 Lumbar puncture
		24.3.2 Electrophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems
		24.3.3 Imaging in neurological diseases
		24.3.4 Investigation of central motor pathways: Magnetic brain stimulation
	Chapter 24.4: Higher cerebral function
		24.4.1 Disturbances of higher cerebral function
		24.4.2 Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
	Chapter 24.5: Epilepsy and disorders of consciousness
		24.5.1 Epilepsy in later childhood and adulthood
		24.5.2 Narcolepsy
		24.5.3 Sleep disorders
		24.5.4 Syncope
		24.5.5 The unconscious patient
		24.5.6 Brainstem death and prolonged disorders of consciousness
	Chapter 24.6: Disorders of the special senses
		24.6.1 Visual pathways
		24.6.2 Eye movements and balance
		24.6.3 Hearing loss
	Chapter 24.7: Disorders of movement
		24.7.1 Subcortical structures: The cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus
		24.7.2 Parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal diseases
		24.7.3 Movement disorders other than Parkinson’s disease
		24.7.4 Ataxic disorders
	Chapter 24.8: Headache
	Chapter 24.9: Brainstem syndromes
	Chapter 24.10: Specific conditions affecting the central nervous system
		24.10.1 Stroke: Cerebrovascular disease
		24.10.2 Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system
		24.10.3 Traumatic brain injury
		24.10.4 Intracranial tumours
		24.10.5 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
	Chapter 24.11: Infections of the central nervous system
		24.11.1 Bacterial infections
		24.11.2 Viral infections
		24.11.3 Intracranial abscesses
		24.11.4 Neurosyphilis and neuro-AIDS
		24.11.5 Human prion diseases
	Chapter 24.12: Disorders of cranial nerves
	Chapter 24.13: Disorders of the spinal cord
		24.13.1 Diseases of the spinal cord
		24.13.2 Spinal cord injury and its management
	Chapter 24.14: Diseases of the autonomic nervous system
	Chapter 24.15: The motor neuron diseases
	Chapter 24.16: Diseases of the peripheral nerves
	Chapter 24.17: Inherited neurodegenerative diseases
	Chapter 24.18: Disorders of the neuromuscular junction
	Chapter 24.19: Disorders of muscle
		24.19.1 Structure and function of muscle
		24.19.2 Muscular dystrophy
		24.19.3 Myotonia
		24.19.4 Metabolic and endocrine disorders
		24.19.5 Mitochondrial disease
	Chapter 24.20: Developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system
	Chapter 24.21: Acquired metabolic disorders and the nervous system
	Chapter 24.22: Neurological complications of systemic disease
	Chapter 24.23: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
	Chapter 24.24: Autoimmune encephalitis and Morvan’s syndrome
Section 25: Disorders of the eye Section
	Chapter 25.1: The eye in general medicine
Section 26: Psychiatric and drug-related disorders
	Chapter 26.1: General introduction
	Chapter 26.2: The psychiatric assessment of the medical patient
	Chapter 26.3: Common psychiatric presentations in medical patients
		26.3.1 Confusion
		26.3.2 Self-harm
		26.3.3 Medically unexplained symptoms
		26.3.4 Low mood
	Chapter 26.4: Psychiatric treatments in the medically ill
		26.4.1 Psychopharmacology in medical practice
		26.4.2 Psychological treatments
	Chapter 26.5: Specific psychiatric disorders
		26.5.1 Delirium
		26.5.2 Dementia
		26.5.3 Organic psychoses
		26.5.4 Alcohol misuse
		26.5.5 Substance misuse
		26.5.6 Depressive disorder
		26.5.7 Bipolar disorder
		26.5.8 Anxiety disorders
		26.5.9 Acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder
		26.5.10 Eating disorders
		26.5.11 Schizophrenia
		26.5.12 Somatic symptom and related disorders
		26.5.13 Personality disorders
	Chapter 26.6: Changing unhealthy behaviours
		26.6.1 Brief interventions for excessive alcohol consumption
		26.6.2 Obesity and weight management
		26.6.3 Smoking cessation
	Chapter 26.7: Psychiatry, liaison psychiatry, and psychological medicine
Section 27: Forensic medicine
	Chapter 27.1: Forensic and legal medicine
Section 28: Sport and exercise
	Chapter 28.1: Sport and exercise medicine
Section 29: Biochemistry in medicine
	Chapter 29.1: The use of biochemical analysis for diagnosis and management
Section 30: Acute medicine
	Chapter 30.1: Acute medical presentations
	Chapter 30.2: Practical procedures
Index
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